![]() Iatrogenic cataplexy may also occur, transiently or permanently, due to lesions in the hypothalamus after surgery. The specific lesions or generalized disease or syndromes discussed above disrupt the hypocretin control in the hypothalamus in different ways.ĭefinition: Cataplexy is definded as a sudden, temporary episode of muscle weakness in fully-conscious people.Ĭause: An autoimmune disease in a neurotransmitter, hypocretin, in the brain that regulates wakefulness is destroyed in most of the cases. ![]() Rarely the syndrome can be the result of paraneoplastic syndromes (the indirect effect of neoplasias). Possible neoplasias include subependynoma, glioma, glioblastoma and astrocytoma. Lesions in the brain or brainstem are uncommon but could include arterio-venous abnormalities or neoplasia. A range of underlying disease states may also induce cataplexy, EDS and/or hypersomnia:Ĭataplexy can also be the result of ischaemic attacks, head injury and multiple sclerosis. Secondary cataplexy is caused by space-occupying lesions in the hypothalamus, usually the lateral or posterior lobes, that cause the level of hypocretin to fall. Sudden, short bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and hypersomnia are commonly seen with acute systemic disorders such as influenza and encephalitis. This suggests that there may be an HLA-associated autoimmune destruction of hypocretin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus. It has been observed that the level of the neuropeptide hypocretin-1 is reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid of both narcoleptic animals and humans. Hypocretin gene therapy and hypocretin cell transplantation are emerging for severe syndromes. xyrem) is being used for the treatment of cataplexy, although its mechanism is unknown. As a result, patients may act out their dreams and cause harm to themselves or others. They decrease the REM stage of sleep and its associated muscle atonia. However both tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs may cause REM behaviour disorder (RBD) with disturbance of normal REM sleep. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be used by all ages of patient with fewer side effects. ![]() fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and citalopram. However their potential adverse side-effects have led to their replacement by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), eg. clomipramine, imipramine, orprotriptyline and venlafaxine) inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve endings. Widely used tricyclic antidepressants (eg. Reiki, have been used with some success. Medical treatment targets cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems. Hypnosis and other techniques of energy medicine, eg. I was falling asleep at work at least one to three times a week, so I went to see a doctor that had just moved to the area and came highly recommended. Sleep paralysis is the feeling of being paralyzed (unable to move) upon falling asleep or awakening from sleep. Hypnagogic hallucinations are dream-like auditory or visual hallucinations upon falling asleep or dozing. Some possible symptoms of cataplexy episodes include: drooping eyelids jaw dropping head falling to the side due to neck muscle weakness whole body falling to the ground various muscles around your body twitching without an obvious cause Cataplexy is Others experience sleep paralysis and are unable to move or speak right before falling asleep or right after waking up. Hallucinations: hearing, seeing or feeling things that aren’t there often happens when falling asleep or waking up. Sleep paralysis: a person temporarily can’t move any part of the body upon waking or when falling asleep.
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